The Hawai‘i Department of Health (DOH) State Laboratories Division has identified traces of H5 avian influenza in wastewater samples from the Līhuʻe Wastewater Treatment Plant on Kauaʻi. Initial detection occurred on December 11, 2024, with subsequent samples on December 18, 2024, and January 8, 2025, showing similar results. These findings suggest a strong possibility of the virus's presence on Kauaʻi despite no confirmed infections in birds, dairy cows, or humans there. The only reported cases in the state have been on Oʻahu.
The H5 bird flu viruses include the H5N1 subtype that has affected birds globally since its discovery in 1996 and recently appeared in several mammal species like dairy cows. Current testing methods cannot confirm if the detected virus is specifically this subtype.
In November 2024, Hawaiʻi confirmed the presence of H5N1 in a backyard flock in Central Oʻahu. This strain was different from those affecting birds and dairy cows on the U.S. mainland. The virus was also found at the Hilo Wastewater Treatment Plant on Hawaiʻi Island.
Although public risk remains low, bird flu poses a severe threat to certain bird populations such as poultry due to its high mortality rate. Commercial poultry producers and residents with backyard flocks are urged to enhance biosecurity measures to prevent infection. Bird flu can also affect dairy cows; thus, while pasteurized milk is safe for consumption, raw milk should be avoided.
The Hawaiʻi Department of Agriculture (HDOA) advises residents needing to dispose of dead wild birds to report unusual illnesses among poultry or other animals by contacting their Animal Industry Division at 808-483-7100 during business hours or at 808-837-8092 after hours.
For individuals who suspect exposure to sick wildlife, guidance is available through the Disease Outbreak Control Division Disease Reporting Line at 808-586-4586.